2015年职称英语考试卫生类B级模拟试题及答案(第

　　Should babies doomed to a blighted life be enabled to survive? And who should decide? The doctors? Parents? Courts? There are other complex ethical issues. Doctors now have drugs and machinery to prolong the lives of the terminally ill and the hopelessly injured, for example. Should they always do so? These issues affect all our lives. And a new discipline, known as bioethics, has emerged to try to deal with them. Nearly every U.S. medical school now offers courses in ethics. No wholly satisfactory way has yet been found to deal with the issue of the hopelessly ill or dying patient. Doctors are sometimes accused of carrying heroic measures too far, a result, perhaps, of their naturai instinct and training. "The doctor's responsibility is to do everything he can to sustain lives," says Dr. Marshell. "Cures can come any day. To stand idly by and watch a person die is intolerable." But where does it stop? Where do you draw the line? Should hospitals, then, use all the technological tools at their disposal to prolong lives that can't be saved? Today, many physicians believe it more ethical to permit the death of a hopelessly ill patient than to treat him aggressively. "There is a time and a place where prolonging suffering is not doing my job as a physician," says Dr. George, former associate dean of Columbia Medical School. If the patient is an adult and mentally aware, most physicians will honour his wish to end treatment. Dr. Bcy Benjamin, a New York City intemist , recalls a 32-year-old woman who had been on kidney dialysis for 12 years and wanted to end the painful regimen. After several psychiatrists who had worked with her determined that she wasn't motivated purely by depression, Benjamin agreed to take her off the machine and prescribed narcotics to make her comfortable until she died a short time later.

　　46. The questions at the beginning of this passage are about the ethical question over __________.

　　A. who should decide the survival of babies.

　　B. who should decide whether to terminate a life.

　　C. whether courts should decide who lives or dies.

　　D. whether doctors should prolong the life of the terminally ill.

　　47. When people blame doctois for "carrying heroic measures too far", they accuse the doctors Of __________.

　　A. trying too hard to become a hero.

　　B. shortening the sufferings of the ill.

　　C. standing idiy and watching a peraon die.

　　D. prolonging the lives of the hopelessly ill.

　　48. Who thinks that it is difficult to set tbe conditionsfor permitting death ?

　　A. Dr. Benjamin. B. Dr. Marehell. C. Dr. George. D. The Author.

　　49. The underlined word "ethics" in the first paragraph refers to __________.

　　A. the research on the various causes of death.

　　B. the study of questions about what is morally right.

　　C. the experiment on ending the life of the hopelessly ill.

　　D. the principles which doctors and nurses should follow.

　　50. The case of the woman undergoing kidney dialysis is given as an example of__________.

　　A. shortening the time of treatment.

　　B. a wrong decision to let a patient die.

　　C. permitting death according to a patient's wish.

　　D. a doctor's difficulty in making a life-and-death decision.

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