专家解题：2013年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解

2015-01-17 15:34 [阅读理解] 来源于：未知

导读：考题类型：阅读理解 The worlds Best-selling Medicine Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid(水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicy

考题类型：阅读理解
　　The world's Best-selling Medicine
　　Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid(水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.
　　In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father's pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
　　Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
　　Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.
　　At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent （专利权） on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.
　　By the 1950s, new pain killers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it.
　　It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!
　　41. Why didn't the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?
　　A. it didn't work well
　　B. it hurt the stomach
　　C. it was hard to make
　　D. it was not cost-effective
　　专家解题：
　　第一步：划出题干中的信息词。本题目信息词有：Why didn't，French scientist，stopped pain。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第一段后半部分，即：In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it。
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干问的是：为什么French scientist 不（didn't）继续（continue）make the medicine（制药）？原文说的是his mixture 很难做（difficult to make） and he did not try to （不打算）produce or sell （生产或贩卖）it。由此可见，不制药的原因在于很难做（difficult to make），也就是C选项的hard to make（很难做）。所以，本题的答案为选项C。
　　42. Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?
　　A. His company told him to do that
　　B. His father was in pain
　　C. He wanted to make a lot of money
　　D. He suffered from headache
　　专家解题：
　　第一步：划出题干中的信息词。本题目信息词有：Why，Felix Hoffmann，painkiller。
　　第二步：根据顺序出题原则，将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第二段，即：In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain。
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干问的是：为什么Felix Hoffmann要寻找（looking for）painkiller？原文出现了why的对应词because，可见答案就在because后面，也就是his father was old and in a lot of pain。由此可见，选项B的His father was in pain符合本题，故本题的答案为选项B。
　　43. Bayer started making aspirin because
　　A. it worked well in stopping pain
　　B. it helped prevent heart attacks
　　C. other companies were making it
　　D. the manage was a scientist
　　专家解题：
　　第一步：划出题干中的信息词。本题目信息词有：Bayer，started，aspirin，because。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第三段，即：Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill。
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干问的是：Bayer开始制作（started making）aspirin因为（because）什么。原文说的是发现（found）it worked well，Bayer决定（decided）make the drug。the drug指的就是aspirin。可见A选项的it worked well in stopping pain符合本题，故本题的答案为选项A。
　　44. Bayer aspirin was
　　A. the only drug with the name "aspirin"
　　B. not sold in drugstores in 1915
　　C. the first aspirin sold in the United States
　　D. not easy to find in drugstores
　　专家解题：
　　第一步：划出题干中的信息词。本题目信息词有：Bayer aspirin，但题干信息词不足以用来回归，所以需要看选项信息词，其中A选项有only drug，B选项有drugstores和1915，C选项有first aspirin和United States，D选项有drugstores。
　　第二步：根据顺序出题原则，将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第五段，即：At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent （专利权） on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader。
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。选项A的唯一使用aspirin名字的药物，原文中没有提到名字这一说法，所以排除掉；选项B说的是在1915没有在drugstore销售（sold），原文说的是在1915年 company开始（started）在drugstores销售（sell）aspirin，可见和原文意思相反，所以排除掉；选项D说的是在drugstore不容易（not easy）找到（find），原文说的是aspirin是最有名的（most well known）是销售冠军（market leader），可见和原文意思相反，排除掉；只有C选项的美国第一个销售（sold）aspirin，原文说的是只有Bayer能在美国制造和销售aspirin，两者意思一致，所以，本题的答案为选项C。
　　45. What has happed to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?
　　A. its new use has been discovered
　　B. companies have stopped selling it
　　C. it has become the best-selling painkiller
　　D. Doctors have sold it to patients
　　专家解题：
　　第一步：划出题干中的信息词。本题目信息词有：happed，new painkillers，market。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的最后一段第一句，即：By the 1950s, new pain killers were on the market。
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干问的是自从（since）new painkillers came on the market后，aspirin发生了什么（what happened）？原文说的是：服用（taking）aspirin会减少（fewer） heart attacks （心脏病），也就是说发现了aspirin的新功效，正好A选项说的是new use（新的用法）被发现（discovered），可见和原文意思一致，所以本题的答案为选项A。

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