专家解题：2013年职称英语考试理工类A级概括大意

考题类型：概括大意与完成句子
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
　　Black Holes
　　1    Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum，sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel，and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational（重力的）force，hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
　　2    Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen，other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole，which can only occur if the star is large enough（should be bigger than the sun）for the explosion to break it into pieces，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare：if a star that's ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers，then the Earth would become black hole that's only a fraction of an inch！
　　3    Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there，never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it. It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole，but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits（轨道）do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star，only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
　　4    So far，astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end，through numerous studies，they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light，it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies（银河系），space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years，and later contribute further process in galaxies，which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
　　27. Black holes are formed after
　　A. the tiniest particle
　　B. a fraction of an inch
　　C. the same amount of mass
　　D. an explosion of huge stars
　　E. the creation of new entities
　　F. the existence of black holes
　　专家解析：
　　第一步：本题没有特殊语法结构能帮助解题，所以采取查读法进行解题。首先划出题干中的信息词为：formed，after。
　　第二步：根据顺序出题原则，以及概括大意部分的理解，将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文第一段第二句，即：Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars.
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干说的是Black holes是在什么之后（after）形成（formed）的。原文讲的是black holes是由an explosion of huge stars形成的（come from），也就是选项D的内容，所以本题的答案是选项D。
　　28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into
　　A. the tiniest particle
　　B. a fraction of an inch
　　C. the same amount of mass
　　D. an explosion of huge stars
　　E. the creation of new entities
　　F. the existence of black holes
　　专家解析：
　　第一步：本题没有特殊语法结构能帮助解题，所以采取查读法进行解题。首先划出题干中的信息词为：large star explodes，gravity，compacts，every piece。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第二段第二句，即：When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole，which can only occur if the star is large enough（should be bigger than the sun）for the explosion to break it into pieces，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle.
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干问的是gravity compacts every piece into什么。原文说的是the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle，也就和选项A的the tiniest particle完全吻合，所以，本题的答案是选项A。
　　29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of
　　A. the tiniest particle
　　B. a fraction of an inch
　　C. the same amount of mass
　　D. an explosion of huge stars
　　E. the creation of new entities
　　F. the existence of black holes
　　专家解析：
　　第一步：本题没有特殊语法结构能帮助解题，所以采取查读法进行解题。首先划出题干中的信息词为：newly formed black hole。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第三段后半部分，即：Orbits（轨道）do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star，only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干说的是newly formed black hole和形成它（come from）的star怎么样。原文说的是newly formed black hole含有（contains）的mass 就跟当它还是star时量是一样的（same amount），也就是选项C的the same amount of mass。，所以本题的答案是选项C。
　　30. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove
　　A. the tiniest particle
　　B. a fraction of an inch
　　C. the same amount of mass
　　D. an explosion of huge stars
　　E. the creation of new entities
　　F. the existence of black holes
　　专家解析：
　　第一步：本题没有特殊语法结构能帮助解题，所以采取查读法进行解题。首先划出题干中的信息词为：Albert Einstein's theory of relativity，prove。
　　第二步：将信息词回归原文。本题回归至原文的第四段第一句，即：So far，astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
　　第三步：对比原文及题目信息，确定答案。题干说的是Albert Einstein's theory of relativity帮助证明（helps to prove）了什么。原文说的是因为（because of）Albert Einstein's theory of relativity证明了（figured out）black holes的exist。也就是F选项的black holes的存在（existence）。所以本题的答案是选项F。

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